The history of international relations is often traced back to the Peace of
Westphalia of 1648, where the modern state system was developed. Prior
to this, the European medieval organization of political authority was
based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Westphalia instituted the
legal concept of sovereignty, which essentially meant that rulers, or the
legitimate sovereigns, had no internal equals within a defined territory
and no external superiors as the ultimate authority within the territory's
sovereign borders. A simple way to view this is that sovereignty
says, "I'm not allowed to tell you what to do and you are not allowed to
tell me what to do." Several themes are referenced in Waves, most prominent of which are:
the nature of Good and Evil, whether Free will or Fate is determinative,
the conflict between individual and society, and idealism vs. realism. Most
of these ideas are touched upon in different contexts in all three sections,
Melody, Harmony, and Rhythm. The Harmony section also explores a
psychological construct that expands upon the Platonic psyche of logos,
thumos, and eros to include its antipodes, or opposites.
The word Angst has existed since the 8th century, from the Proto-Indo-
European root *anghu-, "restraint" from which Old High German angust
develops. It is pre-cognate with the Latin angustia, "tensity, tightness" and
angor, "choking, clogging"; compare to the Greek "άγχος" (ankhos):
stress.
While Kierkegaard's feeling of angst is fear of actual responsibility to God,
in modern use, angst was broadened by the later existentialists to include
general frustration associated with the conflict between actual
responsibilities to self, one's principles, and others (possibly including
God).
Angst is very often misused in today's society as a synonym for anger.
The modern meaning of Weltschmerz in the German language is the psychological pain caused by sadness that can occur when realizing that someone's own weaknesses are caused by the inappropriateness and cruelty of the world and (physical and social) circumstances. Weltschmerz in this meaning can cause depression, resignation and escapism, and can become a mental problem (compare to Hikikomori). The modern meaning should also be compared with the concept of anomie, or a kind of alienation, that Émile Durkheim wrote about in his sociological treatise Suicide.
Crazy wisdom, also known as holy madness, is a manifestation of certain
spiritual adepts where they behave in unconventional, outrageous, or
unexpected fashion. It is considered to be a manifestation of spiritual
accomplishment evident in such Dharmic Traditions as Sanatana Dharma,
Tantra, Vajrayana, Zen amongst other traditions such as Sufi, Bonpo and
Taoism for example and is often evident in human cultural spiritual
universals such as shamanism. Crazy wisdom is also a modality of
communication, in which the adept employs esoteric and seemingly
unspiritual methods to awaken an aspirant's consciousness.